A financial statement showing a fund’s revenues, expenses, and profits or losses over a specific period. Used for performance analysis and tax reporting.
The narrative arc of profitability, captured from curtain-rise to final bow within a single reporting period. Revenue storms the stage first—contract liabilities unwind, performance obligations settle, sales rebates shave the headline number into net turnover. Direct costs march in next, stripping away raw materials, freight, and the amortised whisper of production equipment; what survives earns the title gross profit. Overheads join the script—marketing blitzes, R&D wagers, share-based pay—distilling operating income that exposes whether the core engine truly hums or merely coasts on financial engineering. Interest expense and fair-value tremors from derivative hedges flicker beneath, followed by tax choreography that juggles current outflows with deferred balances awaiting future reversals.
The closing line is net income, but seasoned readers flip back through the scene changes, calculating EBITDA, EBITA, or adjusted EBITDAR to compare troupe performance across industries with dissimilar costumes of depreciation or lease accounting. Multi-step format lays out each act in deliberate tiers, while single-step compresses dialogue into a spirited monologue; both must obey the matching principle’s drumbeat, anchoring expenses to the revenues they helped conjure. Under IFRS, discontinued operations receive a separate curtain call, spotlighting lines exited mid-play, whereas US GAAP weaves unusual items into continuing operations unless they qualify for the rare “extraordinary” label. Analysts annotate margins, variance drivers, and non-cash add-backs, mindful that a buoyant bottom line can hide behind aggressive capitalisation or one-time reversals, just as a modest deficit may disguise a growth spurt fertilised by front-loaded investment.
